Cover Crops for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in Agricultural Soils

Abstract

The increasing contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has prompted the urgent need for sustainable soil management practices that mitigate climate impacts. This study investigates the effectiveness of integrating cover crops, microbial inoculants, biochar, and conservation tillage in reducing soil-based GHG emissions and enhancing carbon sequestration. Through a combination of field trials and stakeholder analysis, the research evaluates the biophysical and agronomic responses under various treatment conditions. Results indicate that cover cropping significantly boosts soil organic carbon and microbial biomass while decreasing nitrous oxide emissions, particularly when combined with biochar and chitin amendments. No-till practices further contribute to carbon retention, while advanced nitrogen management using nitrification inhibitors enhances nitrogen use efficiency and reduces environmental leakage. Soil pH, temperature moderation, and crop yield metrics also improved under integrated strategies. Notably, degraded lands cultivated with bioenergy crops exhibited the highest carbon sequestration potential. Correlation analysis revealed strong inverse relationships between N₂O emissions and both SOC and microbial biomass. Visual analyses confirmed the efficacy of sustainable treatments in improving soil health and reducing emissions. The study concludes that adopting region-specific, climate-smart agricultural practices can substantially contribute to climate mitigation, food security, and ecosystem resilience. These findings support policy initiatives aimed at promoting environmentally sustainable farming systems.