Exploring Wildlife-Livestock Disease Interfaces in Transboundary Protected Ecosystems

Abstract

The study aimed to examine the animal-cattle interaction within transboundary protected Areas to determine the prevalence and the dynamics of transmission of zoonotic diseases and the related socio-ecological risks.  They applied a mixed-method design that included field observation, laboratory diagnostics (ELISA and PCR) and community-based survey in three areas surrounding protected reserves.  The results showed a high prevalence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in cattle (35.6%) and buffalo (40.2$), as well as high detection of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV), Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV), and Mycobacterium bovis in various livestock and wild species.  The contact between wildlife and livestock was significantly greater (71.2%) during the dry season when the animals could drink at the same water points and also graze in the same fields.  Serology revealed similar exposure signatures between domestic and wild ruminants suggesting possible transmission between species.  Surveys of the community revealed that the individuals were not very aware of the dangers of zoonotic diseases and were not making optimum use of quarantine and fencing practices. Quarantine was reported by only 27.5 percent of the people.  Diagnostic tests demonstrated moderate reliability, and PCR was more specific than ELISA but requires more time to obtain the results.  The report stresses the urgency of integrated One Health surveillance systems, enhanced diagnostic infrastructure, and biosecurity awareness through community engagement.  The findings provide policymakers, veterinarians, and conservationists with the basic information they need to improve disease control measures, as well as support sustainable co-existence in ecologically fragile settings.